What does Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia) primarily obtain legal rulings from?

Islamic jurisprudence, known as Sharia, primarily derives its legal rulings from the Qur'an and the Hadith. The Qur'an is the holy book of Islam, containing the revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad, and is considered the foundational text for all aspects of Islamic life, including law.

The Hadith consists of the recorded sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, offering context, interpretation, and guidance on various issues that are not explicitly covered in the Qur'an. Together, these two sources form the core framework from which legal rulings in Islamic jurisprudence are developed.

This combination of the Qur'an and Hadith ensures that the laws reflect not only divine commandments but also practical examples of how these commands were applied during the life of the Prophet. In contrast, the other options do not encompass the primary sources used in Islamic jurisprudence adequately. For instance, while past judicial rulings and legal codes from various countries may influence contemporary interpretations and applications, they are not the principal sources from which Sharia derives its authority. The Hadith and Sunnah are certainly important, but stating "only" would neglect the essential role of the Qur'an. Thus, the intricate relationship between the Qur'an and Hadith is what primarily shapes legal rulings