What does 'karma' refer to in religious contexts?

In religious contexts, 'karma' most prominently refers to the law of cause and effect whereby a person's actions influence their future. This concept is integral to various Eastern religions, particularly Hinduism and Buddhism, where it is believed that every action, thought, or intention has consequences that can affect one's future — both in this life and in future reincarnations.

Karma is often understood in terms of moral responsibility and ethical behavior, suggesting that good actions will lead to positive outcomes, while negative actions can lead to suffering or unfavorable circumstances. This belief encourages adherents to act ethically and mindfully, as their actions are thought to have lasting repercussions. Thus, karma serves as a guiding principle for many in their dealings with others and in their own spiritual development.

While other options may include elements related to karma, they do not encapsulate the primary essence of the concept. For instance, the idea of rituals and ethics is more about practices and codes of conduct rather than the direct link between actions and consequences. The belief in predestination does not align with the principles of karma, which emphasizes individual agency and accountability. Furthermore, while the belief in rebirth ties in closely with karma, it does not fully define what karma itself represents.