What does 'original sin' in Christianity refer to?

The term 'original sin' in Christianity fundamentally refers to the belief that humanity inherited a fallen state as a result of the first sin committed by Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. This doctrine posits that as a consequence of their disobedience to God, all human beings are born into a state of separation from God, characterized by a propensity to sin.

The idea is rooted in the narrative found in the Book of Genesis, where the actions of the first humans brought not only moral corruption but also a rupture in their relationship with God. This inherited state of sin signifies that every human being is affected by this original disobedience and is thus in need of salvation. This belief is central to many Christian teachings and informs various theological discussions about redemption, grace, and the necessity of Christ's sacrifice for the reconciliation of humanity with God.