What does 'Zen' signify in Buddhism?

'Zen' in Buddhism signifies a school that emphasizes direct experience over theoretical knowledge or intellectual study. This means that Zen practitioners prioritize meditation and personal insight as a way to understand and connect with the nature of reality, rather than relying solely on scriptures or ceremonial practices.

This approach is often illustrated through zazen, or seated meditation, where practitioners seek to experience enlightenment directly. Zen teachings stress the importance of being present and experiencing life as it is, fostering a deep personal understanding of concepts like emptiness and impermanence, which are central to Buddhist thought.

In contrast, other options emphasize various aspects that are not central to the Zen tradition. For instance, a focus on ceremonial practices is more characteristic of other Buddhist schools rather than Zen, while a philosophical study of texts leans towards academic engagement rather than direct experience. Additionally, belief in deities is not a key feature of Zen Buddhism, which tends to focus more on individual practice and insight rather than theistic elements.